Special topics: heart failure–related cardiogenic shock, valvular heart disease and end-stage renal disease. Part 4 of the International Expert Opinion Series on Acute …
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M Pagnesi, M Riccardi, G Cotter, IGCV Lima…
Heart Failure …, 2025
Springer
Acute heart failure (AHF) remains a major global health challenge, contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare resource utilization. Among its clinical phenotypes, heart failure–related cardiogenic shock (HF-CS) represents a particularly severe and complex presentation that differs from acute myocardial infarction–related cardiogenic shock in terms of clinical characteristics, haemodynamic profiles, therapeutic response, and outcomes. In a subset of patients, AHF is related to or coexists with valvular heart diseases …
