Dynamic signature for the effectiveness of anti–PD‐1 therapy combined with vascular normalization therapy in recurrent glioblastoma: A randomized phase 2 trial
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J Zhang, D Wang, G Liu, C Bu, G Lv, M Li, S Wei…
Cancer, 2026
Wiley Online Library
Background This study evaluated tislelizumab combined with low‐dose bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM), assessing efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of immune escape. Methods This randomized phase 2 trial divided patients into treatment arms with distinct strategies. Longitudinal tumor in situ fluid (TISF) samples were collected for molecular analysis to monitor genome evolution. Immunohistochemical markers in paired primary and recurrent tumor specimens were analyzed to assess therapy‐induced immune …
