Vascular Calcification and CKD: Challenges, Emerging Targets, and Future Perspectives
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L Fernandez, J Klein
Clinical Journal of the American Society of …, 2025
journals.lww.com
Vascular calcification (VC) is a prevalent complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), significantly contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. 1 Rather than being a passive mineral deposition, VC is an highly regulated process involving vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction, extracellular matrix remodeling, and accumulation of calcium-phosphate crystals within the vascular wall. Medial calcification, commonly observed in CKD, diabetes, and aging, primarily affects elastic arteries. It is …
