A Multi-Agent Simulation Framework for Understanding ESG Rating Divergence
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H Du, Y Zhao
… on Computer Modeling and Simulation (ICCMS …, 2026
ieeexplore.ieee.org
Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings from different agencies for the same firm frequently diverge, undermining investor decision-making and firm compliance. Existing research has documented this divergence empirically and modeled it as a strategic equilibrium outcome, but no study has provided an aggregation-level generative mechanism of how methodological heterogeneity among rating agencies produces observed divergence patterns. This paper presents a multi-agent simulation framework in which 300 …

